PowerShell Сниппеты

Полезные сниппеты для автоматизации задач в PowerShell.

Управление системой

Информация о системе

# Информация о системе
Get-ComputerInfo | Select-Object WindowsProductName, WindowsVersion, TotalPhysicalMemory

# Процессор
Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Processor | Select-Object Name, MaxClockSpeed, NumberOfCores

# Диски
Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_LogicalDisk | Select-Object DeviceID, Size, FreeSpace, @{Name="FreePercent";Expression={[math]::Round(($_.FreeSpace/$_.Size)*100,2)}}

# Сетевые адаптеры
Get-NetAdapter | Where-Object Status -eq "Up" | Select-Object Name, LinkSpeed

Управление службами

# Список всех служб
Get-Service | Sort-Object Status, Name

# Остановка службы
Stop-Service -Name "ServiceName" -Force

# Запуск службы
Start-Service -Name "ServiceName"

# Изменение типа запуска
Set-Service -Name "ServiceName" -StartupType Manual

# Проверка статуса службы
$service = Get-Service -Name "ServiceName"
if ($service.Status -eq "Running") {
    Write-Host "Service is running" -ForegroundColor Green
} else {
    Write-Host "Service is not running" -ForegroundColor Red
}

Управление процессами

# Процессы по использованию памяти
Get-Process | Sort-Object WorkingSet -Descending | Select-Object -First 10 Name, @{Name="Memory(MB)";Expression={[math]::Round($_.WorkingSet/1MB,2)}}

# Завершение процесса
Get-Process -Name "ProcessName" | Stop-Process -Force

# Мониторинг процессов
while ($true) {
    Clear-Host
    Get-Process | Sort-Object CPU -Descending | Select-Object -First 10 Name, CPU, @{Name="Memory(MB)";Expression={[math]::Round($_.WorkingSet/1MB,2)}} | Format-Table
    Start-Sleep -Seconds 2
}

Работа с файлами

Поиск и очистка

# Поиск больших файлов
Get-ChildItem -Path C:\ -Recurse -File |
    Sort-Object Length -Descending |
    Select-Object -First 20 FullName, @{Name="Size(MB)";Expression={[math]::Round($_.Length/1MB,2)}}

# Очистка временных файлов
$tempFolders = @(
    "$env:TEMP",
    "$env:LOCALAPPDATA\Temp",
    "C:\Windows\Temp"
)

foreach ($folder in $tempFolders) {
    if (Test-Path $folder) {
        Get-ChildItem -Path $folder -Recurse -Force | Remove-Item -Force -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        Write-Host "Cleaned: $folder" -ForegroundColor Green
    }
}

# Поиск дублей файлов
function Find-DuplicateFiles {
    param([string]$Path)

    Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Recurse -File |
        Group-Object -Property Length |
        Where-Object Count -gt 1 |
        ForEach-Object {
            $_.Group | Get-FileHash | Group-Object -Property Hash | Where-Object Count -gt 1
        }
}

Backup скрипты

# Простой backup
function Backup-Folder {
    param(
        [string]$Source,
        [string]$Destination
    )

    $date = Get-Date -Format "yyyy-MM-dd_HH-mm-ss"
    $backupPath = Join-Path $Destination "Backup_$date"

    Write-Host "Creating backup: $backupPath" -ForegroundColor Yellow
    Copy-Item -Path $Source -Destination $backupPath -Recurse -Force
    Write-Host "Backup completed!" -ForegroundColor Green
}

# Инкрементальный backup
function Backup-Incremental {
    param(
        [string]$Source,
        [string]$Destination
    )

    $lastBackup = Get-ChildItem -Path $Destination -Directory | Sort-Object CreationTime -Descending | Select-Object -First 1

    if ($lastBackup) {
        $changedFiles = Get-ChildItem -Path $Source -Recurse -File | Where-Object LastWriteTime -gt $lastBackup.CreationTime

        if ($changedFiles) {
            $date = Get-Date -Format "yyyy-MM-dd_HH-mm-ss"
            $backupPath = Join-Path $Destination "Incremental_$date"
            New-Item -Path $backupPath -ItemType Directory

            foreach ($file in $changedFiles) {
                $relativePath = $file.FullName.Substring($Source.Length)
                $destFile = Join-Path $backupPath $relativePath
                $destDir = Split-Path $destFile -Parent

                if (!(Test-Path $destDir)) {
                    New-Item -Path $destDir -ItemType Directory -Force
                }

                Copy-Item -Path $file.FullName -Destination $destFile
            }

            Write-Host "Incremental backup completed: $changedFiles.Count files" -ForegroundColor Green
        } else {
            Write-Host "No changes since last backup" -ForegroundColor Yellow
        }
    } else {
        Backup-Folder -Source $Source -Destination $Destination
    }
}

Сетевые операции

Сетевая диагностика

# Проверка подключения
function Test-NetworkConnectivity {
    param([string[]]$Hosts)

    foreach ($host in $Hosts) {
        $result = Test-NetConnection -ComputerName $host -Port 443 -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
        if ($result.TcpTestSucceeded) {
            Write-Host "$host - OK" -ForegroundColor Green
        } else {
            Write-Host "$host - FAILED" -ForegroundColor Red
        }
    }
}

# Скан портов
function Scan-Ports {
    param(
        [string]$ComputerName,
        [int[]]$Ports
    )

    foreach ($port in $Ports) {
        $result = Test-NetConnection -ComputerName $ComputerName -Port $port -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
        $status = if ($result.TcpTestSucceeded) { "Open" } else { "Closed" }
        Write-Host "$ComputerName:$port - $status"
    }
}

# Мониторинг трафика
Get-Counter -Counter "\Network Interface(*)\Bytes Total/sec" -SampleInterval 1 -MaxSamples 10

WiFi управление

# Список WiFi профилей
netsh wlan show profiles

# Экспорт WiFi профиля
netsh wlan export profile name="WiFiName" folder=C:\WiFiBackup

# Подключение к WiFi
netsh wlan connect name="WiFiName"

# Отключение от WiFi
netsh wlan disconnect

# Информация о текущем подключении
netsh wlan show interfaces

Автоматизация разработки

Git операции

# Массовое обновление репозиториев
function Update-AllRepos {
    param([string]$BasePath)

    Get-ChildItem -Path $BasePath -Directory | ForEach-Object {
        $gitPath = Join-Path $_.FullName ".git"
        if (Test-Path $gitPath) {
            Write-Host "Updating: $($_.Name)" -ForegroundColor Yellow
            Set-Location $_.FullName
            git pull
            Write-Host "Updated: $($_.Name)" -ForegroundColor Green
        }
    }
}

# Создание нового проекта
function New-Project {
    param(
        [string]$Name,
        [string]$Type = "node"
    )

    $projectPath = Join-Path (Get-Location) $Name
    New-Item -Path $projectPath -ItemType Directory
    Set-Location $projectPath

    switch ($Type) {
        "node" {
            npm init -y
            New-Item -Name "src" -ItemType Directory
            New-Item -Name "src\index.js" -ItemType File
            "@echo off`nnode src/index.js" | Out-File -FilePath "run.bat" -Encoding ASCII
        }
        "python" {
            New-Item -Name "src" -ItemType Directory
            New-Item -Name "src\main.py" -ItemType File
            New-Item -Name "requirements.txt" -ItemType File
            "#!/usr/bin/env python3`nprint('Hello, World!')" | Out-File -FilePath "src\main.py" -Encoding UTF8
        }
    }

    git init
    ".env`nnode_modules/`n__pycache__/`n*.pyc`n.DS_Store`nThumbs.db" | Out-File -FilePath ".gitignore" -Encoding UTF8

    Write-Host "Project '$Name' created successfully!" -ForegroundColor Green
}

Docker операции

# Очистка Docker
function Clean-Docker {
    Write-Host "Stopping all containers..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
    docker stop $(docker ps -aq)

    Write-Host "Removing all containers..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
    docker rm $(docker ps -aq)

    Write-Host "Removing unused images..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
    docker image prune -af

    Write-Host "Removing unused volumes..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
    docker volume prune -f

    Write-Host "Docker cleanup completed!" -ForegroundColor Green
}

# Мониторинг Docker
function Monitor-Docker {
    while ($true) {
        Clear-Host
        Write-Host "=== Docker Containers ===" -ForegroundColor Cyan
        docker ps --format "table {{.Names}}\t{{.Status}}\t{{.Ports}}"

        Write-Host "`n=== Docker Images ===" -ForegroundColor Cyan
        docker images --format "table {{.Repository}}\t{{.Tag}}\t{{.Size}}"

        Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
    }
}

Системное администрирование

Управление пользователями

# Создание пользователя
function New-LocalUser {
    param(
        [string]$Username,
        [string]$FullName,
        [string]$Description
    )

    $password = Read-Host "Enter password" -AsSecureString
    New-LocalUser -Name $Username -FullName $FullName -Description $Description -Password $password
    Write-Host "User '$Username' created successfully!" -ForegroundColor Green
}

# Список пользователей
Get-LocalUser | Select-Object Name, Enabled, LastLogon

# Блокировка/разблокировка пользователя
Disable-LocalUser -Name "Username"
Enable-LocalUser -Name "Username"

Планировщик задач

# Создание задачи
$action = New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute "PowerShell.exe" -Argument "-File C:\Scripts\backup.ps1"
$trigger = New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -Daily -At "2:00AM"
$settings = New-ScheduledTaskSettingsSet -ExecutionTimeLimit (New-TimeSpan -Hours 2)

Register-ScheduledTask -TaskName "DailyBackup" -Action $action -Trigger $trigger -Settings $settings -Description "Daily backup script"

# Список задач
Get-ScheduledTask | Where-Object State -eq "Ready" | Select-Object TaskName, State

# Запуск задачи
Start-ScheduledTask -TaskName "DailyBackup"

Логи и мониторинг

# Чтение логов событий
Get-WinEvent -LogName System -MaxEvents 10 | Select-Object TimeCreated, Id, LevelDisplayName, Message

# Мониторинг производительности
function Monitor-Performance {
    $counters = @(
        "\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time",
        "\Memory\Available MBytes",
        "\LogicalDisk(_Total)\% Disk Time"
    )

    while ($true) {
        $data = Get-Counter -Counter $counters -SampleInterval 1 -MaxSamples 1

        Clear-Host
        Write-Host "=== System Performance ===" -ForegroundColor Cyan
        foreach ($sample in $data.CounterSamples) {
            $value = [math]::Round($sample.CookedValue, 2)
            Write-Host "$($sample.Path): $value"
        }

        Start-Sleep -Seconds 2
    }
}

# Алерты по использованию ресурсов
function Monitor-Resources {
    $cpuThreshold = 80
    $memoryThreshold = 80
    $diskThreshold = 90

    while ($true) {
        $cpu = (Get-Counter "\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time").CounterSamples.CookedValue
        $memory = (Get-Counter "\Memory\% Committed Bytes In Use").CounterSamples.CookedValue
        $disk = (Get-Counter "\LogicalDisk(C:)\% Free Space").CounterSamples.CookedValue

        if ($cpu -gt $cpuThreshold) {
            Write-Host "WARNING: CPU usage is $([math]::Round($cpu, 2))%" -ForegroundColor Red
        }

        if ($memory -gt $memoryThreshold) {
            Write-Host "WARNING: Memory usage is $([math]::Round($memory, 2))%" -ForegroundColor Red
        }

        if ((100 - $disk) -gt $diskThreshold) {
            Write-Host "WARNING: Disk usage is $([math]::Round(100 - $disk, 2))%" -ForegroundColor Red
        }

        Start-Sleep -Seconds 30
    }
}